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Geographers

SOC 19-3092.00Job Zone 4 · Considerable Preparationv.26.05

Context coveredThis framework covers professional geography practice in government, consulting, academic, and private-sector environments, encompassing GIS development, cartographic production, spatial data analysis, research communication, and technical instruction across local to global scales.

Sources:O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.SkillsCrosswalkSkillsCrosswalk — O*NET enrichment + adjacency index. Opens in new tab.
Emerging
Entry / Apprentice
  1. Geographic data sources such as censuses, field observations, and aerial photographs — locate and compile under direct supervision for assigned research projects.
  2. GIS software and map creation tools — apply foundational functions to produce basic thematic maps under guidance from senior geographers.
  3. Coordinate systems, longitude, latitude, and map scale principles — apply to interpret and verify existing cartographic products in a professional office environment.
  4. Spreadsheet and analytical software — enter, organize, and perform basic queries on geographic datasets under structured supervision.
  5. Physical and cultural geographic distributions — identify and describe patterns at the local or regional scale using provided reference materials.
  6. Written research summaries — draft with direction from supervisors to document data collection procedures and preliminary findings.
  7. GIS hardware components including digitizers, plotters, and printers — operate and perform routine maintenance following established protocols.
  8. Geographic concepts related to population characteristics — recognize and apply to interpret socioeconomic or demographic data in familiar analytical contexts.
  9. Internet browser and office suite software — use to retrieve spatial datasets and prepare formatted reports under senior staff direction.
  10. Active listening and note-taking — practice during team briefings and client meetings to support geographic information systems projects in public or private sector settings.
Developing
Mid-level / Established
  1. Thematic maps, graphs, and diagrams — create and modify using GIS and cartographic principles such as topography and elevation with reduced oversight on multi-scale projects.
  2. Geographic data from satellite imagery, field surveys, and existing maps — gather, evaluate, and integrate into project databases with routine independence.
  3. GIS systems including hardware, software, and peripheral devices — operate and maintain to support departmental geographic analysis workflows.
  4. Regional population characteristics including economic, political, and cultural factors — analyze using established methodologies and present findings to internal stakeholders.
  5. Research reports — write and deliver presentations synthesizing geographic findings for professional audiences in government or consulting environments.
  6. GIS technical support — provide to public and private sector clients by troubleshooting software issues and advising on data formatting and projection standards.
  7. Geographic distributions at continental or global scales — analyze using inductive and deductive reasoning to identify spatial trends across multiple datasets.
  8. CAD and graphics imaging software — apply to produce publication-quality cartographic outputs and visual analyses for project deliverables.
  9. Introductory geography instruction — facilitate for junior staff or intern cohorts by designing exercises aligned with core spatial thinking concepts.
  10. Systems analysis techniques — apply to evaluate GIS workflows and recommend efficiency improvements within a team project environment.
Proficient
Senior / Expert IC
  1. Complex multi-source geographic datasets including satellite imagery, census data, and field observations — integrate and analyze autonomously across local, regional, and global scales.
  2. Advanced GIS systems — develop, configure, and maintain end-to-end hardware and software environments to support sustained organizational geospatial operations.
  3. Non-routine cartographic challenges such as projection selection and scale distortion — resolve independently using deep knowledge of coordinate systems and cartographic principles.
  4. Comprehensive research reports and peer-reviewed documents — author and present to diverse stakeholder groups including government agencies and academic audiences.
  5. Economic, political, and cultural geographic analyses — conduct for specific regions and synthesize findings into actionable recommendations for public or private sector clients.
  6. GIS consulting and technical guidance — deliver autonomously to external clients, resolving complex spatial data integration problems across enterprise platforms.
  7. Web-based geographic information platforms — design and deploy using web page creation tools and analytical software to extend spatial data access to end users.
  8. Learning strategies and instructional design — apply to develop geography training curricula for professional development programs in academic or agency settings.
  9. Critical thinking and systems evaluation — apply to assess the accuracy, completeness, and fitness of geographic data products used in high-stakes decision-making environments.
  10. Interdisciplinary geographic problems combining sociological, mathematical, and environmental variables — solve using advanced analytical and scientific software with full professional autonomy.
Advanced
Lead / Principal / Executive
  1. Organizational GIS strategy and geospatial data governance frameworks — establish and direct across enterprise or agency-wide programs to align spatial capabilities with institutional goals.
  2. Research agendas addressing complex geographic questions at national or global scale — define and lead, setting methodological standards for multidisciplinary project teams.
  3. Geographic information systems infrastructure investments — evaluate and champion at the executive level, advising leadership on technology adoption, vendor selection, and scalability.
  4. Junior and mid-level geographers — mentor and develop through structured performance feedback, stretch assignments, and individualized learning strategies in professional practice settings.
  5. Cross-sector GIS partnerships between public agencies, academic institutions, and private firms — build and sustain by representing organizational geospatial expertise to senior external stakeholders.
  6. Emerging geospatial technologies and analytical methodologies — assess and integrate into organizational practice, driving innovation in cartographic and spatial analysis workflows.
  7. High-impact geographic research findings — synthesize and communicate to policy makers, executives, and the public through authoritative reports, testimony, and professional presentations.
  8. Quality standards and peer-review processes for geographic data products and published research — establish and oversee to ensure scientific rigor across departmental outputs.
  9. Geography and spatial thinking education — lead at institutional or programmatic level by designing advanced curricula and shaping discipline-wide instructional standards.
  10. Organizational decision-making on complex spatial policy issues such as land use, environmental change, or demographic shifts — inform and guide using career-level expertise in systems analysis and geographic science.

AI-at-Work Competency Framework

Sources:Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab.Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab.WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab.
Subscriber feature

Authoritative source data identified for 998 occupations

How a worker at each mastery level uses, directs, and evaluates AI tools in this occupation. Each statement cites its evidence inline; click a citation chip to verify the source.

Emerging
  1. AI-assisted literature synthesis — uses an LLM to summarize geographic literature and census documentation, cross-checking key figures against primary sources before incorporating findings into reports Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  2. Basic map annotation support — prompts an AI writing assistant to draft captions and legend descriptions for maps and diagrams, while manually verifying coordinate and scale accuracy against GIS outputs.
Developing
  1. Geographic data compilation — delegates initial aggregation of satellite imagery metadata, census tables, and field observation logs to an AI tool, then reviews and reconciles discrepancies before analysis Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  2. Report drafting acceleration — hands off structured research notes to an AI assistant to generate first-draft sections of geographic findings reports, retaining full authorship of interpretation and conclusions Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  3. GIS support documentation — directs an AI assistant to produce technical user guides and workflow summaries for GIS support delivery to public and private sector clients, editing for domain accuracy before release Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
Proficient
  1. Cartographic narrative construction — orchestrates an AI writing tool to produce and iteratively refine the written analysis accompanying maps and spatial diagrams, applying critical geographic judgment to every revision cycle Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  2. Spatial pattern interpretation — uses AI-generated summaries of large geospatial datasets as a first-pass signal layer, then applies independent critical evaluation to identify anomalies, regional trends, and causative factors WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  3. Presentation script development — directs an AI assistant to convert research findings into structured speaking notes and slide narratives for conference or stakeholder presentations, editing for disciplinary precision and rhetorical clarity Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  4. Teaching material generation — employs an AI tool to draft geography lesson plans, reading scaffolds, and discussion questions aligned to curriculum standards, reviewing each artefact for factual and conceptual correctness before classroom use.
Advanced
  1. End-to-end research workflow orchestration — coordinates AI agents across literature review, data aggregation, preliminary spatial analysis write-up, and report assembly, maintaining intellectual ownership of research design, methodology selection, and interpretive judgments throughout Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  2. AI capability boundary assessment — evaluates which geographic tasks are suitable for AI delegation versus human-only execution based on automation feasibility of core skills such as writing and critical spatial reasoning, advising teams and clients on appropriate human-AI task allocation Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
  3. Cross-sector GIS advisory synthesis — integrates AI-generated policy summaries, demographic analyses, and spatial model outputs into high-stakes advisory deliverables for government or industry clients, exercising senior judgment to reconcile conflicting AI outputs and affirm final recommendations WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
Evidence pack
AEI usage
Task observations: 285
Augment share: 28.5%
Time saved: 82%
AI autonomy: 3.33
SAFI positioning
Top skill: Writing
Score: 51 / 100
Quadrant: Q2_ai_augmented
precision: exact
WEF cluster
Data Science and Analysis
data_science_and_analysis
Sources:Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab.Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab.WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab.

Pathsmith Durable Skills Framework

Sources:Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Subscriber feature

Ten durable-skill domains mapped to four proficiency/role levels for each occupation. Each statement is aligned to the Pathsmith taxonomy, derived from trusted grounding data and mapped to occupation-specific O*NET tasks and skills.

1Communication12 statements
Emerging
  1. Geographic findings summary — drafts basic written summaries of field observations and data compilations using standard geographic terminology Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Map legend communication — labels and annotates cartographic products with clear, accessible descriptors for general audiences O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Research report basics — organizes geographic research findings into structured written reports following discipline conventions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. GIS support documentation — writes technical guidance documents explaining geographic information systems workflows to public and private sector clients Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Oral research presentation — presents regional analysis findings through structured verbal delivery with supporting cartographic visuals to professional audiences Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Interdisciplinary data communication — translates spatial data outputs from satellite imagery and aerial photographs into accessible language for non-specialist stakeholders Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Geographic teaching delivery — explains coordinate systems, topography, and map scale principles clearly to students with varying spatial literacy backgrounds Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Policy-relevant reporting — writes and presents comprehensive reports analyzing economic, political, and cultural characteristics of regional populations for government or organizational decision-makers Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Cross-sector GIS briefing — conveys geographic information systems capabilities, limitations, and findings to both technical and non-technical audiences across public and private sector contexts O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Authoritative geographic publication — produces peer-reviewed articles or policy white papers synthesizing multi-scale spatial analyses at local, continental, or global levels with clarity and precision Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Strategic spatial narrative — frames complex geographic distributions of physical and cultural phenomena into compelling narratives that influence organizational or policy strategy Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Mentored communication coaching — models and critiques professional geographic writing and presentation practices for junior researchers or graduate students developing their own communication skills Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
2Leadership10 statements
Emerging
  1. Field data initiative — takes ownership of assigned geographic data gathering tasks from censuses or field observations without requiring step-by-step direction Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Project task accountability — accepts responsibility for discrete components of GIS development or map production workflows within a larger team effort Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. GIS project coordination — guides colleagues through geographic information systems support workflows, setting task priorities and monitoring data quality milestones Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Research team direction — organizes data collection efforts across multiple sources including satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and census data to meet project timelines O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Geography instruction leadership — leads classroom or workshop environments where geographic principles are taught, adapting instructional approach to diverse learner needs Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Cross-sector project lead — takes full responsibility for delivering GIS support services to public or private sector clients, managing scope, quality, and stakeholder expectations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Research program stewardship — directs multi-phase geographic research programs analyzing regional or global spatial phenomena, ensuring methodological rigor and output quality Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Organizational geographic strategy — drives institutional adoption of advanced geospatial technologies and methodologies, aligning GIS capabilities with long-term organizational goals Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Field leadership mentorship — cultivates the professional development of junior geographers and GIS analysts by delegating meaningful research responsibilities and providing structured feedback Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Interdisciplinary research leadership — unites teams of geographers, sociologists, and data scientists around shared spatial research agendas, resolving disciplinary tensions and sustaining momentum Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
3Metacognition9 statements
Emerging
  1. Skill gap recognition — identifies personal limitations in geographic information software or cartographic techniques and seeks targeted learning opportunities to address them Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Analytical self-monitoring — pauses during spatial data analysis to check assumptions about coordinate systems, projections, or scale before proceeding Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Research strategy reflection — evaluates the effectiveness of data gathering methods after each project phase and adjusts approaches for subsequent field observations or remote sensing tasks Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. GIS learning planning — sets explicit learning goals for mastering new geographic information systems hardware or software features before beginning complex support assignments Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Methodological self-critique — systematically reviews own geographic analysis processes to detect interpretive biases or scale errors before submitting reports or presenting findings Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Adaptive research calibration — monitors cognitive load and analytical confidence when working across multiple geographic scales simultaneously and redistributes effort accordingly Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Teaching practice evaluation — reflects on geography instruction outcomes to identify which explanations of topography, map scales, or spatial analysis resonated and which require redesign Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Expert epistemic awareness — articulates the boundaries of current geographic knowledge in a specialization and designs research questions that productively extend those boundaries Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Metacognitive modeling — explicitly demonstrates self-monitoring and reflective analysis practices to students or junior geographers, making cognitive processes visible as a teaching tool Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
4Critical Thinking11 statements
Emerging
  1. Source quality assessment — evaluates the reliability and currency of geographic data sources including existing maps, census records, and field observations before incorporating them into analysis Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Assumption identification — recognizes implicit assumptions embedded in map projections or spatial datasets that may distort geographic interpretation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Multi-source data triangulation — cross-references satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and census data to identify inconsistencies and validate geographic patterns Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Regional characteristic analysis — evaluates competing explanations for economic, political, and cultural characteristics observed in a specific region's population data Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Cartographic judgment — assesses whether a chosen map scale, coordinate system, or projection accurately represents the geographic phenomenon under study Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Spatial distribution reasoning — forms evidence-based conclusions about geographic distributions of physical and cultural phenomena by systematically weighing data at multiple scales Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. GIS output validation — critically evaluates geographic information systems outputs against source data and field observations to detect processing errors or misrepresentations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Policy implication analysis — identifies assumptions, gaps, and logical leaps in geographic research before presenting findings to government or organizational decision-makers Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Paradigm-level critique — evaluates foundational methodological assumptions within geographic sub-disciplines and proposes alternative analytical frameworks for contested spatial phenomena Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Cross-scale critical synthesis — integrates and critically reconciles geographic evidence from local, regional, continental, and global scales to produce coherent, defensible interpretations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Peer review leadership — provides rigorous, constructive critical evaluation of colleagues' geographic research methodologies, data interpretations, and cartographic representations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
5Collaboration10 statements
Emerging
  1. Data collection teamwork — contributes assigned geographic data gathering tasks within a shared field or remote sensing project, communicating progress clearly to teammates Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. GIS team participation — supports geographic information systems maintenance activities by completing designated hardware or software tasks within established team protocols O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Cross-disciplinary data integration — collaborates with sociologists, anthropologists, or statisticians to combine spatial data with social and demographic datasets for regional analysis Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Client-facing GIS partnership — works jointly with public and private sector clients to understand geographic information needs and co-develop appropriate analytical solutions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Research team coordination — aligns data compilation, analysis, and reporting workflows across geographers with different specializations to produce cohesive multi-author research outputs Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Interagency spatial collaboration — collaborates with government agencies, NGOs, or private firms to deliver geographic information systems support that meets diverse organizational requirements Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Teaching collaboration — partners with educators in related disciplines to develop integrated curricula that apply geographic concepts to economics, sociology, or environmental science Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Consortium research leadership — builds and sustains collaborative research networks across institutions or sectors to conduct large-scale geographic analyses spanning multiple regions or phenomena Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Conflict navigation in spatial projects — mediates disciplinary or organizational disagreements about geographic data interpretation or GIS methodology, steering teams toward productive resolution Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Community co-production — engages local communities as active collaborators in geographic data gathering and interpretation, ensuring diverse perspectives shape spatial analysis outcomes Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
6Character9 statements
Emerging
  1. Data integrity commitment — records geographic field observations and data compilations accurately without selectively omitting inconvenient findings Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Citation accountability — properly attributes cartographic sources, satellite imagery providers, and census datasets used in maps and reports Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Ethical spatial representation — ensures maps and geographic visualizations do not distort or misrepresent spatial phenomena through misleading scale choices or projection manipulation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Professional confidentiality — handles sensitive regional population data including economic, political, and cultural characteristics with appropriate discretion and data governance standards Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Research transparency — fully discloses methodological limitations, data gaps, and analytical uncertainties in geographic reports and presentations to clients and stakeholders Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Equitable geographic practice — applies consistent ethical standards when studying and representing communities across different regions, avoiding cultural bias in spatial analysis and interpretation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. GIS stewardship accountability — takes responsibility for accuracy and maintenance of geographic information systems infrastructure, promptly addressing errors or system failures Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Disciplinary ethics leadership — champions rigorous data ethics and responsible representation standards within research teams, institutions, or professional geographic organizations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Public trust in geography — models and advocates for transparent, unbiased geographic analysis in public-sector applications where spatial findings directly influence policy decisions affecting communities Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
7Creativity10 statements
Emerging
  1. Cartographic design experimentation — explores alternative visual representations of geographic data including novel symbology, color schemes, or layout arrangements to improve map clarity Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Data source diversification — proposes combining non-traditional geographic data sources such as social media geotags or volunteer geographic information with conventional census and satellite datasets Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Innovative spatial visualization — develops original diagrammatic or graphical representations that reveal geographic patterns not visible in standard map formats Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Novel research question framing — formulates original geographic research questions that reexamine familiar regional phenomena through underexplored spatial, cultural, or temporal lenses Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Custom GIS solution design — designs original geographic information systems workflows or tool configurations that address unique analytical challenges not solvable with default software functionality Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Cross-scale creative synthesis — produces geographic analyses that creatively integrate physical and cultural phenomena across multiple scales to reveal unexpected spatial relationships Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Pedagogical innovation — develops original geography teaching methods, datasets, or interactive mapping activities that engage students in authentic spatial problem-solving Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Methodological invention — creates novel geographic analysis frameworks or cartographic techniques that advance the discipline's capacity to represent or interpret complex spatial phenomena Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Transformative spatial storytelling — produces creative geographic reports or visualizations that reframe public understanding of regional issues, influencing policy discourse or community awareness Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Interdisciplinary creative fusion — synthesizes geographic methods with approaches from data science, visual arts, or social science to generate entirely new modes of spatial inquiry Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
8Growth Mindset10 statements
Emerging
  1. GIS technology openness — approaches unfamiliar geographic information software features or new hardware as learning opportunities rather than obstacles to productivity Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Feedback receptivity — accepts critique of maps, spatial analyses, or field data collection methods and uses it to revise approach without defensiveness Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Analytical setback persistence — continues refining geographic data compilation and analysis workflows after encountering data quality problems, projection errors, or incomplete field observations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Emerging methods adoption — proactively learns and integrates new remote sensing technologies or geospatial data formats into practice as the field evolves Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Continuous geographic learning — regularly engages with current geographic research literature, conference proceedings, and GIS software updates to expand analytical capabilities beyond current project demands Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Teaching practice improvement — uses student performance data and instructional feedback to iteratively improve geography curriculum design and delivery methods Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Research failure reframing — treats unexpected spatial analysis results or failed hypotheses about regional characteristics as informative data points that redirect and strengthen inquiry Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Disciplinary growth culture — fosters a team or departmental environment where geographers openly share failures, exchange emerging methodologies, and treat professional development as a collective responsibility Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Self-directed mastery pursuit — independently designs and pursues advanced learning pathways in specialized geographic subfields or emerging geospatial technologies without institutional prompting Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Adaptive expert evolution — continuously reexamines and updates foundational geographic assumptions and analytical habits in response to paradigm shifts in the discipline Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
9Mindfulness9 statements
Emerging
  1. Attentive field observation — maintains focused, present-moment attention during geographic field data collection to capture accurate spatial details without premature interpretation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Analytical pause practice — pauses before interpreting ambiguous geographic data to ensure deliberate, intentional evaluation rather than reactive conclusions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Sustained GIS focus — maintains consistent attention quality during extended geographic information systems development and maintenance tasks, recognizing and correcting attentional drift Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Emotional regulation in client work — manages frustration or pressure when delivering GIS support to demanding public or private sector clients, maintaining professional composure and analytical clarity Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Intentional scale awareness — consciously shifts analytical attention between local, regional, and global scales during geographic analysis, avoiding scale-related cognitive fixation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Mindful map production — approaches cartographic design with deliberate attention to how choices in projection, scale, and symbology affect viewer perception and spatial understanding Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Regulated teaching presence — maintains calm, focused engagement during geography instruction, noticing and responding to student confusion signals in real time rather than following a rigid delivery script Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Contemplative research practice — cultivates consistent habits of reflective pausing before drawing geographic conclusions from complex multi-source datasets, modeling epistemic humility for colleagues Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. High-stakes composure — sustains measured, present-focused judgment when geographic analysis directly informs high-consequence policy or emergency management decisions under time pressure Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
10Fortitude10 statements
Emerging
  1. Data scarcity persistence — continues geographic analysis and report drafting when source data is incomplete, fragmented, or of inconsistent quality rather than abandoning the inquiry Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Technical obstacle endurance — works through geographic information systems hardware or software failures without disengaging from the analytical task Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Field adversity resilience — maintains data collection standards and professional composure during physically or logistically challenging geographic fieldwork conditions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Sustained research commitment — persists through multi-year geographic research projects involving iterative data compilation, analysis revision, and repeated peer review cycles Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Ambiguous findings courage — presents geographic analysis conclusions that are politically sensitive or organizationally inconvenient without softening findings to manage audience reaction Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Complex problem endurance — sustains analytical effort through intricate, multi-scale geographic problems involving conflicting data, contested interpretations, and prolonged uncertainty Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Institutional resistance navigation — pursues methodologically rigorous geographic research or GIS implementation even when facing organizational inertia, budget constraints, or skeptical stakeholders Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Pioneering research courage — advances controversial or under-resourced geographic research agendas that challenge prevailing spatial assumptions despite professional risk or disciplinary resistance Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Crisis geographic response — sustains high-quality geographic analysis and GIS support during disaster response or public emergency contexts where data is incomplete, timelines are compressed, and stakes are high Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Long-arc perseverance — maintains disciplinary commitment and research productivity across career-spanning geographic specializations that require decades of cumulative data gathering and interpretive refinement Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Sources:Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
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Source anchors that ground each statement

Related titles
Biogeographer · Cultural Resources Specialist · Earth Observations Scientist · Economic Geographer · Geographer · Geomorphologist · GIS Coordinator (Geographic Information Systems Coordinator) · GIS Geographer (Geographic Information Systems Geographer) · GIS Physical Scientist (Geographic Information Systems Physical Scientist) · Glaciologist · Imagery Analyst · Natural Resources Specialist
RAPIDS apprenticeships
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O*NET skills
WritingReading ComprehensionCritical ThinkingSpeakingActive ListeningJudgment and Decision MakingActive LearningComplex Problem SolvingSystems AnalysisScienceSystems EvaluationInstructingLearning StrategiesMathematicsMonitoringSocial PerceptivenessCoordinationService OrientationTime Management
Knowledge domains
GeographyEnglish LanguageComputers and ElectronicsEducation and TrainingSociology and AnthropologyMathematics
Abilities
Inductive ReasoningWritten ExpressionWritten ComprehensionOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionDeductive ReasoningNear VisionInformation OrderingSpeech RecognitionSpeech Clarity
Work styles
Intellectual CuriosityAttention to DetailInnovationDependabilityAdaptabilityAchievement Orientation
Technology
Graphics or photo imaging softwareWeb page creation and editing softwareComputer aided design CAD softwareGeographic information systemMap creation softwareAnalytical or scientific softwareSpreadsheet softwareInternet browser softwareOffice suite softwareElectronic mail software
Tasks · seed anchors for statements
  1. Create and modify maps, graphs, or diagrams, using geographical information software and related equipment, and principles of cartography, such as coordinate systems, longitude, latitude, elevation, topography, and map scales.
  2. Gather and compile geographic data from sources such as censuses, field observations, satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and existing maps.
  3. Teach geography.
  4. Write and present reports of research findings.
  5. Provide geographical information systems support to the private and public sectors.
  6. Study the economic, political, and cultural characteristics of a specific region's population.
  7. Analyze geographic distributions of physical and cultural phenomena on local, regional, continental, or global scales.
  8. Develop, operate, and maintain geographical information computer systems, including hardware, software, plotters, digitizers, printers, and video cameras.
CIP education codes
30.350130.380130.410130.440143.040745.070145.070245.079945.150151.3204

Sources: O*NET v30.2 (CC BY 4.0), SkillsCrosswalk.com, LER.me, Anthropic Economic Index, SAFI (Jadhav & Danve, 2026), WEF Skills Taxonomy 2021, Pathsmith Durable Skills Framework. © 2026 EBSCOed.