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General Internal Medicine Physicians

SOC 29-1216.00Job Zone 5 · Extensive Preparationv.26.05

Context coveredThis framework covers the full practice continuum of General Internal Medicine Physicians — from supervised early clinical encounters in ambulatory and inpatient settings through autonomous expert practice and organizational leadership in academic medical centers and health systems.

Sources:O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.SkillsCrosswalkSkillsCrosswalk — O*NET enrichment + adjacency index. Opens in new tab.
Emerging
Entry / Apprentice
  1. Patient medical records, laboratory reports, and test results — review and organize under attending physician supervision to support initial diagnostic workup in an inpatient or outpatient setting.
  2. Common acute conditions such as infections, influenza, and pneumonia — recognize presenting signs and symptoms and formulate a preliminary differential diagnosis under direct clinical supervision.
  3. Prescribed medications and standard treatment protocols — administer and document under supervision, following established formulary guidelines in a hospital or clinic environment.
  4. Patient histories and physical examination findings — collect and record systematically using electronic health record software during supervised clinical encounters.
  5. Routine health problems in adult patients — assist in managing under attending oversight, applying evidence-based protocols for conditions such as hypertension and uncomplicated diabetes.
  6. Diagnostic procedures and test results — explain to patients in clear, accessible language under supervision, ensuring informed understanding prior to and following clinical investigations.
  7. Preventive health guidance on diet, physical activity, and hygiene — deliver to individual patients following established clinical guidelines during supervised office visits.
  8. Medical literature and clinical guidelines — read and synthesize to support differential diagnosis and treatment planning under the direction of a supervising internist.
  9. Electronic medical record and scheduling software — navigate and utilize to document patient encounters, order tests, and coordinate care within a structured clinical workflow.
  10. Interprofessional care team communications — participate in under supervision, conveying patient status and treatment updates accurately during rounds or case conferences.
Developing
Mid-level / Established
  1. Laboratory findings, imaging reports, and clinical examination data — analyze independently to formulate and refine diagnoses for adult patients presenting with common internal medicine conditions in an ambulatory or hospital setting.
  2. Chronic diseases including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease — manage longitudinally with reduced oversight, adjusting treatment plans based on patient response and evolving clinical data.
  3. Medication regimens and non-pharmacologic therapies — prescribe and titrate for patients across the adult age spectrum, applying current evidence-based guidelines in an outpatient practice.
  4. Comorbid conditions occurring simultaneously in adult and elderly patients — evaluate and coordinate treatment for, recognizing interactions between diagnoses in a complex clinical panel.
  5. Diagnostic reasoning in cases with overlapping or atypical presentations — apply inductive and deductive reasoning to reach working diagnoses with moderate case complexity and routine follow-up.
  6. Patient education sessions on disease management, prevention, and lifestyle modification — conduct independently, tailoring communication style to individual health literacy levels.
  7. Serious and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease — provide ongoing, comprehensive management including monitoring for disease progression in an office or inpatient context.
  8. Care plans for long-term patients — document and update in electronic health record systems, ensuring continuity and accuracy across multiple visits and care settings.
  9. Community health guidance on disease prevention and screening — deliver during patient encounters and health education events, applying public health principles to individual and population-level needs.
  10. Referral decisions and specialist coordination — initiate and manage for patients requiring subspecialty input, communicating clinical reasoning clearly in written referral documentation.
Proficient
Senior / Expert IC
  1. Complex, multi-system diagnostic workups involving ambiguous or overlapping presentations — conduct autonomously, integrating clinical history, physical findings, and advanced diagnostics to reach accurate diagnoses across the full scope of internal medicine.
  2. Rare and obscure internal disorders including atypical endocrine, autoimmune, and neurological conditions — identify and treat independently, applying deep biomedical knowledge and category flexibility in challenging inpatient or outpatient scenarios.
  3. Comprehensive long-term medical care for high-complexity adult patients with multiple chronic conditions — provide and oversee autonomously, coordinating pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment plans across organ systems.
  4. Critical clinical judgment in high-stakes, time-sensitive situations — exercise to prioritize differential diagnoses and initiate management for acutely decompensating patients in emergency or hospital settings.
  5. Patient-centered treatment plans integrating psychological, social, and physiological factors — design and implement, drawing on therapy, counseling, and behavioral science knowledge to optimize adherence and outcomes.
  6. Systems-level analysis of patient outcomes and care quality metrics — perform using clinical data and health informatics tools, identifying gaps in care delivery and recommending practice improvements.
  7. Interprofessional care coordination for patients with serious, chronic, and complex illnesses — lead across nursing, pharmacy, social work, and subspecialty teams, ensuring integrated and coherent care planning.
  8. Advanced pharmacotherapeutic decisions involving polypharmacy, drug interactions, and individualized dosing — make for elderly and medically complex patients, balancing efficacy and safety in a comprehensive practice setting.
  9. Clinical documentation and medical writing for complex cases — produce at a high standard, including detailed consultations, discharge summaries, and evidence-based treatment rationales in electronic health record platforms.
  10. Preventive medicine strategies for high-risk adult populations — design and implement at the individual patient level, integrating risk stratification, screening protocols, and targeted lifestyle interventions.
Advanced
Lead / Principal / Executive
  1. Clinical practice standards and internal medicine care pathways — develop and implement at an organizational level, translating evidence-based research into institutional protocols that improve patient outcomes across a health system.
  2. Residency and fellowship training programs — design, oversee, and continuously improve, mentoring emerging physicians in diagnostic reasoning, patient management, and professional competency development.
  3. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for the most complex and refractory internal medicine cases — set and guide, serving as the definitive clinical authority in multidisciplinary case conferences and institutional tumor or complex care boards.
  4. Quality improvement and patient safety initiatives — lead across department or system scale, using systems evaluation and outcomes data to drive measurable reductions in diagnostic error and preventable complications.
  5. Institutional policies on chronic disease management, medication stewardship, and care coordination — author and champion, aligning internal medicine practice with national guidelines and regulatory standards.
  6. Community and public health programs targeting disease prevention and health equity — design and lead, translating clinical expertise into population-level interventions addressing high-prevalence conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
  7. Research agendas and clinical scholarship in general internal medicine — direct, fostering a culture of inquiry and evidence generation within academic medical centers or large health systems.
  8. Interprofessional and interdepartmental collaboration at executive level — facilitate, aligning internal medicine, subspecialties, and administrative leadership to achieve integrated, patient-centered organizational goals.
  9. Clinical performance and professional development of attending physicians — evaluate and guide through formal review processes, structured feedback, and individualized development planning in a hospital or academic practice setting.
  10. Strategic resource allocation and care delivery innovation — advise senior healthcare leadership on, leveraging expertise in systems analysis, health informatics, and complex problem solving to shape the organization's long-term clinical direction.

AI-at-Work Competency Framework

Sources:Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab.Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab.WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab.
Subscriber feature

Authoritative source data identified for 998 occupations

How a worker at each mastery level uses, directs, and evaluates AI tools in this occupation. Each statement cites its evidence inline; click a citation chip to verify the source.

Emerging
  1. AI-assisted clinical summarization — uses an LLM tool to generate draft summaries of patient records and lab results, then reviews each output against source documentation before incorporating findings into clinical notes Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  2. Diagnostic differential support — prompts an AI assistant with structured symptom and history inputs to surface candidate diagnoses, treating the output as one reference among many rather than a definitive answer Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
Developing
  1. Chronic disease documentation acceleration — delegates structured drafting of progress notes and care-plan templates to an AI tool, reducing documentation time while personally verifying all clinical assertions before signing Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  2. Evidence retrieval delegation — directs an AI assistant to retrieve and summarize current clinical guidelines for conditions such as hypertension or diabetes management, then critically appraises the output against primary sources before applying to patient care Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  3. Medication reconciliation review — uses AI-generated reconciliation drafts to flag potential drug interactions or dosing gaps, applying independent clinical judgment to accept, modify, or reject each flag Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
Proficient
  1. Collaborative diagnostic reasoning — operates AI tools as a high-frequency collaborator across 95% of diagnostic and analytic tasks, maintaining personal clinical accountability for all final assessments Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  2. Time-optimized patient workflow — captures the approximately 87% time savings AI tools provide on documentation and information synthesis tasks, reallocating recovered time to direct patient examination and complex clinical reasoning Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  3. Active listening preservation — recognizes that AI augmentation does not replace the moderate-automation-feasibility skill of active listening (SAFI 42.2) and deliberately keeps patient communication unmediated by AI tools Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
  4. Human-technology interaction governance — establishes personal protocols for when AI outputs enter clinical decisions versus when direct physician judgment supersedes them, consistent with the human-technology interaction competency cluster WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
Advanced
  1. AI autonomy calibration — benchmarks AI tool autonomy at a mean of 3.2 on a 0–1-normalized scale, deliberately capping autonomous AI action on diagnosis and prescribing decisions while enabling higher autonomy on administrative and summarization subtasks Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  2. Institutional AI adoption leadership — designs workflow standards for the practice or unit that define task-level handoff boundaries between AI tools and physicians, grounded in empirical augmentation evidence and human-technology interaction principles Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  3. Complex case AI orchestration — directs multi-step AI-assisted analysis of patients with comorbid chronic illnesses by sequencing discrete AI queries, reconciling outputs across sources, and synthesizing a unified clinical plan that reflects physician authorship throughout Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab. Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  4. AI output audit and feedback — systematically evaluates AI-generated clinical content for accuracy, bias, and clinical safety, submitting structured feedback to institutional AI governance bodies and adjusting tool usage protocols based on observed error patterns Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
Evidence pack
AEI usage
Task observations: 1091
Augment share: 95%
Time saved: 86.8%
AI autonomy: 3.20
SAFI positioning
Top skill: Active Listening
Score: 42.2 / 100
Quadrant: Q2_ai_augmented
precision: exact
WEF cluster
Human-Technology Interaction
human_technology_interaction
Sources:Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab.Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab.WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab.

Pathsmith Durable Skills Framework

Sources:Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Subscriber feature

Ten durable-skill domains mapped to four proficiency/role levels for each occupation. Each statement is aligned to the Pathsmith taxonomy, derived from trusted grounding data and mapped to occupation-specific O*NET tasks and skills.

1Communication13 statements
Emerging
  1. Patient history elicitation — gathers chief complaint and basic symptom history through structured interview using open-ended questions during initial clinical encounters Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Diagnostic result explanation — conveys basic laboratory and imaging findings to patients using plain language while avoiding excessive medical jargon Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Clinical documentation — produces written progress notes capturing patient encounters in standard SOAP format within the electronic health record O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Medication counseling — explains prescribed treatment regimens, expected effects, and potential side effects to patients and caregivers during office visits to support adherence Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Multidisciplinary communication — conveys patient status and care plans clearly in verbal handoffs and written referral letters to specialists and allied health professionals Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Health literacy adaptation — adjusts medical explanations to match patient education level, language background, and health literacy during counseling sessions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Complex diagnosis disclosure — communicates serious or chronic diagnoses such as diabetes, heart failure, or malignancy to patients with clarity, empathy, and structured follow-up planning Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Preventive counseling delivery — advises patients on diet, physical activity, vaccination, and disease prevention strategies through evidence-based, individualized conversations O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Interdisciplinary care coordination — authors comprehensive consultation notes and participates in care conferences to align treatment across cardiology, nephrology, and other subspecialties O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Patient shared decision-making — facilitates informed treatment choices by presenting options, risks, and benefits in accessible terms while actively eliciting patient values and preferences Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Community health communication — presents epidemiological findings and population health recommendations to community groups, policymakers, or public health bodies using persuasive, evidence-grounded messaging Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Teaching communication — models and coaches residents and medical students in effective patient interviewing, active listening, and clinical documentation within teaching hospital settings Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Difficult conversation leadership — leads family meetings involving goals-of-care discussions, advance directives, and end-of-life planning with empathy and clinical precision in complex inpatient scenarios Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
2Leadership10 statements
Emerging
  1. Care team awareness — recognizes the roles and contributions of nurses, pharmacists, and ancillary staff within the inpatient or outpatient care team and defers appropriately to established protocols Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Personal accountability — takes ownership of assigned patient panel and follows through on ordered tests, referrals, and follow-up tasks without prompting from supervisors Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Resident supervision — provides direct oversight and formative feedback to internal medicine residents and medical students rotating on the inpatient service Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Care plan leadership — directs the development and implementation of individualized, long-term management plans for patients with multiple chronic conditions in the outpatient setting Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Interdisciplinary team leadership — chairs daily rounds, assigns responsibilities, and coordinates care decisions across nursing, pharmacy, social work, and specialist teams in the hospital setting Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Quality improvement initiative leadership — identifies gaps in chronic disease management metrics and leads structured improvement projects within the practice or health system Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Emergency escalation leadership — assumes command of acute deterioration situations, directs rapid assessment and stabilization, and coordinates transfer or escalation decisions O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Institutional medicine leadership — serves as division chief, department chair, or committee leader, shaping clinical protocols, staffing models, and strategic priorities across the health system Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Mentorship program leadership — designs and leads structured mentorship programs for early-career internists, integrating clinical skill development with professional identity formation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Health policy advocacy — represents the internal medicine perspective in legislative, regulatory, or professional society forums to advance evidence-based healthcare policy Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
3Metacognition9 statements
Emerging
  1. Diagnostic uncertainty recognition — identifies situations where clinical knowledge is insufficient to reach a confident diagnosis and articulates specific knowledge gaps to supervisors Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Self-study planning — selects targeted reading, case reviews, or CME activities aligned with identified weaknesses in managing conditions such as arrhythmias or renal disease Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Clinical reasoning monitoring — pauses during complex diagnostic workups to explicitly evaluate reasoning processes, identify potential cognitive biases, and consider alternative diagnoses Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Feedback integration — actively solicits performance feedback from peers, supervisors, and patients and adjusts clinical practice or communication strategies in response Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Diagnostic bias auditing — systematically reviews personal diagnostic error cases or near-misses to identify recurring cognitive shortcuts such as anchoring or premature closure Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Continuing competence planning — constructs an annual professional development plan aligned with evolving guidelines in internal medicine subspecialties, tracking progress against measurable benchmarks Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Knowledge calibration — accurately estimates confidence levels in clinical decisions and seeks verification through consultation or literature review when confidence does not match evidence quality Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Metacognitive mentorship — teaches residents explicit strategies for recognizing and countering cognitive biases in clinical reasoning through structured case debriefs and reflective exercises Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Practice-level learning systems — designs institutional processes such as morbidity and mortality conferences or peer review structures that embed collective metacognitive reflection into standard clinical operations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
4Critical Thinking11 statements
Emerging
  1. Differential diagnosis construction — generates an initial list of plausible diagnoses for common presentations such as chest pain, dyspnea, or fever based on history and physical examination findings Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Test result interpretation — applies reference ranges and clinical context to evaluate basic laboratory findings and identify values requiring immediate action O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Evidence-based treatment selection — evaluates clinical guidelines and peer-reviewed literature to select appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Comorbidity reasoning — analyzes the interaction of multiple concurrent conditions to prioritize diagnoses and avoid treatments that worsen coexisting illnesses O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Risk stratification — applies validated scoring tools to stratify patient risk for adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular events or hospital readmission, adjusting care intensity accordingly O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Obscure diagnosis resolution — synthesizes atypical symptom patterns, rare disease epidemiology, and specialist input to reach accurate diagnoses in clinically ambiguous presentations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Medication safety analysis — critically evaluates polypharmacy regimens for drug interactions, contraindications, and dosing errors in elderly or renally impaired patients Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Diagnostic test utility evaluation — weighs the sensitivity, specificity, and pretest probability of diagnostic tests to determine appropriate sequencing of workup for complex presentations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Clinical guideline critique — evaluates the methodological quality and applicability of clinical practice guidelines, identifying evidence gaps and advocating for individualized application in complex patient populations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Systems-level problem analysis — identifies root causes of diagnostic errors, treatment delays, or adverse outcomes at the institutional level and proposes evidence-based system redesigns Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Research appraisal leadership — leads journal clubs or evidence synthesis teams, critically appraising randomized trials and meta-analyses for application to internal medicine practice Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
5Collaboration10 statements
Emerging
  1. Referral initiation — identifies when specialist consultation is required and submits timely, complete referral requests with relevant clinical history and specific clinical questions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Care team integration — participates constructively in team huddles and shift handoffs, contributing patient-specific updates while respecting the expertise of nursing and allied health colleagues Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Co-management execution — collaborates with cardiologists, endocrinologists, pulmonologists, and other specialists to co-manage patients with complex multisystem disease, maintaining clear role delineation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Pharmacist partnership — works with clinical pharmacists to review medication regimens, reconcile discrepancies at care transitions, and optimize therapeutic plans Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Social determinants coordination — partners with social workers and case managers to address housing, nutrition, transportation, and insurance barriers that affect patient health outcomes Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Transition of care collaboration — leads structured handoffs between inpatient and outpatient settings, ensuring receiving providers have complete diagnostic summaries and actionable follow-up plans Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Multidisciplinary care conference participation — contributes internist perspective in tumor boards, ethics committees, and complex case conferences, integrating medical findings with team-derived care decisions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Patient and family engagement — incorporates patient and family priorities into collaborative care planning, particularly for chronic disease self-management and advance care planning Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Population health collaboration — partners with public health departments, community health workers, and health system administrators to design and implement population-level chronic disease management programs Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Interprofessional education leadership — designs and facilitates collaborative training scenarios for mixed health profession teams, modeling effective teamwork behaviors and debriefing group dynamics Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
6Character11 statements
Emerging
  1. Professional boundary adherence — maintains appropriate patient-physician boundaries, respects patient confidentiality, and complies with HIPAA regulations in all clinical and administrative interactions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Honesty in uncertainty — acknowledges diagnostic or clinical uncertainty to patients and colleagues rather than projecting false confidence to preserve professional appearance Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Informed consent integrity — ensures patients fully understand proposed procedures, treatment risks, and alternatives before obtaining consent, without coercion or information withholding Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Error disclosure — discloses clinical errors or near-misses to patients and supervisors in a timely, transparent manner and participates in corrective action planning Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Equitable care delivery — provides consistent quality of care regardless of patient race, socioeconomic status, insurance type, or health literacy level Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Ethical dilemma navigation — applies established bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to resolve conflicts in treatment decisions, resource allocation, or end-of-life care Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Professional accountability — accepts responsibility for patient outcomes within scope of practice, follows through on all commitments to patients and care team members, and self-reports performance concerns Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Regulatory compliance — adheres to controlled substance prescribing laws, documentation standards, and institutional credentialing requirements in daily practice Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Ethics leadership — serves on institutional ethics committees, contributes to policy development for morally complex scenarios such as futile care or resource scarcity, and mentors colleagues in ethical reasoning Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Cultural humility modeling — demonstrates and teaches culturally humble practice by acknowledging personal biases, seeking patient cultural context, and adapting care to align with diverse patient values and traditions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Professional community stewardship — upholds the reputation and standards of the internal medicine profession through peer accountability, mentorship, and active participation in professional society governance Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
7Creativity9 statements
Emerging
  1. Alternative diagnosis exploration — generates unconventional diagnostic possibilities for atypical presentations rather than defaulting exclusively to high-frequency diagnoses Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Patient engagement innovation — experiments with novel patient communication tools such as visual aids, teach-back methods, or digital health apps to improve understanding and adherence Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Individualized care design — constructs personalized treatment plans that deviate from standard pathways when patient comorbidities, preferences, or social circumstances require tailored approaches Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Workflow problem-solving — proposes creative solutions to practice inefficiencies such as patient flow bottlenecks, documentation burden, or care coordination gaps within the outpatient clinic Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Novel therapeutic adaptation — applies emerging or off-label therapeutic strategies to refractory conditions when standard treatments have failed, grounding decisions in current evidence and risk-benefit analysis Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Preventive program design — creates innovative, community-adapted disease prevention initiatives targeting local health priorities such as diabetes or hypertension in underserved populations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Diagnostic reframing — reconceptualizes a persistent diagnostic puzzle by integrating findings from disparate organ systems or subspecialties into a unifying pathophysiological framework Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Clinical research innovation — designs original research protocols or quality improvement studies addressing gaps in internal medicine practice, contributing novel evidence to the field Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Healthcare delivery model innovation — develops and pilots new care delivery models such as collaborative care, group visits, or remote monitoring programs that improve outcomes for complex patient populations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
8Growth Mindset10 statements
Emerging
  1. Guideline updating — actively monitors changes to clinical guidelines from ACP, AHA, and CDC and adjusts practice behaviors when updated evidence supersedes prior approaches Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Constructive feedback receptivity — accepts critical feedback on clinical performance, documentation, or communication from attending physicians and peers without defensiveness Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Diagnostic error learning — treats personal diagnostic errors as structured learning opportunities, analyzing root causes and implementing deliberate practice to prevent recurrence Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. CME engagement — completes continuing medical education requirements with genuine learning intent, selecting topics that address identified clinical weaknesses rather than convenience Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Scope expansion — pursues additional training in procedural skills, new therapeutic modalities, or emerging subspecialty areas to expand clinical capability over time Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Challenge-seeking behavior — volunteers for difficult, diagnostically complex cases and high-acuity clinical settings to accelerate skill development and broaden clinical experience Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Performance metric engagement — uses personal quality metric data such as HbA1c control rates or readmission rates as feedback for continuous practice improvement rather than as evaluative threats Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Peer learning participation — actively engages in morbidity and mortality conferences, grand rounds, and case presentations as both presenter and learner to sustain professional growth Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Growth culture cultivation — establishes a team culture where diagnostic uncertainty, error disclosure, and continuous learning are normalized and rewarded across the clinical department Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Educational innovation adoption — adopts and champions new evidence-based pedagogical approaches for medical education, including simulation, flipped classroom, or point-of-care learning tools Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
9Mindfulness10 statements
Emerging
  1. Attentive patient presence — maintains focused, undistracted attention during patient encounters, refraining from electronic device use and demonstrating active listening through verbal and nonverbal cues Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Emotional state awareness — recognizes personal emotional reactions to difficult patient interactions or adverse outcomes and identifies when those reactions may influence clinical judgment Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Cognitive load management — applies deliberate pause strategies before high-stakes decisions such as medication orders or discharge planning to reduce error from cognitive overload during busy clinical shifts Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Empathic attunement — attends to subtle patient emotional cues such as anxiety, grief, or mistrust during clinical encounters and responds with intentional, therapeutic acknowledgment Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Burnout monitoring — maintains self-awareness regarding signs of compassion fatigue or burnout and proactively engages wellness resources or practice adjustments to sustain professional effectiveness Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Stress regulation in acute care — employs deliberate breathing, situational grounding, or brief cognitive resets during rapidly evolving clinical emergencies to maintain procedural and communicative precision Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Intentional clinical transitions — uses brief structured mental resets between patient appointments to clear prior case context and engage each new patient encounter with full present-moment attention Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Patient distress attunement — detects and responds to unspoken patient distress during chronic disease management visits, creating space for emotional disclosure before proceeding with clinical tasks Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Mindfulness culture modeling — champions physician wellness and mindful practice within the department by facilitating reflective debriefs after traumatic cases and normalizing emotional processing among colleagues Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Institutional wellbeing leadership — leads or contributes to health system wellbeing committees, designing evidence-based programs that address physician stress, moral injury, and sustainable practice in internal medicine Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
10Fortitude11 statements
Emerging
  1. Diagnostic persistence — continues systematic diagnostic workup for unresolved patient presentations despite initial negative test results, resisting premature closure under time pressure Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. High-volume practice endurance — maintains clinical accuracy and patient-centered care quality during high patient volume periods in the outpatient clinic without sacrificing thoroughness Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Chronic illness management persistence — sustains long-term therapeutic engagement with patients whose chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart failure progress despite optimal treatment, without abandoning therapeutic optimism Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Uncertainty tolerance — maintains effective clinical decision-making and patient communication in the presence of diagnostic ambiguity, avoiding premature anchoring to an unconfirmed diagnosis Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Difficult patient engagement — continues empathetic, evidence-based care for nonadherent, hostile, or highly demanding patients without withdrawing therapeutic effort or professionalism Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Adverse outcome recovery — returns to full clinical effectiveness following patient deaths, serious adverse events, or malpractice proceedings, processing grief while maintaining professional obligations to remaining patients Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. System obstacle navigation — persists in securing necessary resources such as specialist referrals, medications, or social services for patients despite insurance denials, administrative barriers, or health system constraints Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. End-of-life care endurance — sustains compassionate, medically rigorous care for terminally ill patients over extended periods, managing personal emotional weight while honoring patient dignity and family needs Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Organizational change leadership resilience — leads clinical teams through disruptive health system transitions such as EHR implementation, merger, or pandemic response, maintaining team morale and care quality under sustained institutional stress Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Advocacy persistence — pursues systemic advocacy for underserved patient populations or resource-limited practice environments over extended periods despite political, financial, or bureaucratic resistance Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Resilience mentorship — coaches early-career internists in developing personal resilience strategies, normalizing adversity as an inherent component of clinical medicine and modeling sustained professional courage Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Sources:Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Show O*NET source anchors68 anchors · skillscrosswalk.com

O*NET enrichment · skillscrosswalk.com

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Source anchors that ground each statement

Related titles
DO Physician (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Physician) · Doctor · Endocrinologist · Endocrinology Physician · Gastroenterologist · Gastroenterology Physician · General Internal Medicine Doctor · General Internal Medicine Physician · General Internist · Hematologist · Hematology Physician · Hospitalist Physician
RAPIDS apprenticeships
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O*NET skills
Active ListeningReading ComprehensionCritical ThinkingSocial PerceptivenessWritingSpeakingScienceComplex Problem SolvingJudgment and Decision MakingActive LearningMonitoringService OrientationSystems AnalysisCoordinationInstructingSystems EvaluationTime ManagementLearning StrategiesPersuasionNegotiationManagement of Personnel Resources
Knowledge domains
Medicine and DentistryBiologyTherapy and CounselingPsychologyEducation and TrainingEnglish LanguageAdministration and ManagementComputers and ElectronicsCustomer and Personal ServiceMathematicsChemistryPersonnel and Human ResourcesPublic Safety and SecurityAdministrativeEconomics and Accounting
Abilities
Problem SensitivityInductive ReasoningOral ComprehensionOral ExpressionDeductive ReasoningWritten ComprehensionNear VisionCategory FlexibilityInformation OrderingWritten Expression
Work styles
Attention to DetailDependabilityIntegrityCautiousnessIntellectual CuriosityCooperation
Technology
Medical softwareBilling and invoicing softwareElectronic mail softwareInformation retrieval or search softwareSpreadsheet softwareInternet browser softwareOffice suite softwareCalendar and scheduling software
Tasks · seed anchors for statements
  1. Analyze records, reports, test results, or examination information to diagnose medical condition of patient.
  2. Treat internal disorders, such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, or problems of the lung, brain, kidney, or gastrointestinal tract.
  3. Prescribe or administer medication, therapy, and other specialized medical care to treat or prevent illness, disease, or injury.
  4. Manage and treat common health problems, such as infections, influenza or pneumonia, as well as serious, chronic, and complex illnesses, in adolescents, adults, and the elderly.
  5. Provide and manage long-term, comprehensive medical care, including diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases, for adult patients in an office or hospital.
  6. Explain procedures and discuss test results or prescribed treatments with patients.
  7. Advise patients and community members concerning diet, activity, hygiene, and disease prevention.
  8. Make diagnoses when different illnesses occur together or in situations where the diagnosis may be obscure.
CIP education codes
51.120151.120261.010861.010961.011061.011161.011261.011461.011561.011661.011761.0801

Sources: O*NET v30.2 (CC BY 4.0), SkillsCrosswalk.com, LER.me, Anthropic Economic Index, SAFI (Jadhav & Danve, 2026), WEF Skills Taxonomy 2021, Pathsmith Durable Skills Framework. © 2026 EBSCOed.