NSXNational Skills ExchangeSign in
Back to Framework

Pharmacists

SOC 29-1051.00Job Zone 5 · Extensive Preparationv.26.05

Context coveredThis framework covers the full scope of pharmacist practice across community retail, institutional hospital, specialty clinical, and academic health system environments, from supervised entry-level dispensing through executive-level pharmacy leadership and policy development.

Sources:O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.SkillsCrosswalkSkillsCrosswalk — O*NET enrichment + adjacency index. Opens in new tab.
Emerging
Entry / Apprentice
  1. Prescription accuracy — review and verify under pharmacist supervision to confirm ingredient identity, strength, and suitability in a retail or hospital dispensing environment.
  2. Medication identity and purity — apply foundational chemistry and pharmacy science knowledge to assess basic drug characteristics under direct oversight in a structured dispensary setting.
  3. Drug interaction information — provide standardized counseling on common side effects, dosage instructions, and storage requirements to patients under the guidance of a senior pharmacist.
  4. Pharmacy records — enter and maintain patient profiles, dispensing logs, and controlled substance registries in pharmacy management software according to established protocols.
  5. Pharmaceutical labeling — follow documented procedures for labeling, packaging, and routing medications in compliance with regulatory and institutional policy under supervision.
  6. Medication stock — assist with ordering, receiving, and organizing pharmaceutical and medical supplies, verifying quantities and proper storage conditions in a pharmacy setting.
  7. Reading comprehension — interpret clinical references, package inserts, and formulary documents to support accurate dispensing decisions in an entry-level pharmacy role.
  8. Medical software — navigate electronic health record and dispensing systems to retrieve patient medication histories and process prescriptions under direction.
  9. Drug dosage calculations — apply mathematical principles to perform dose calculations and unit conversions accurately within routine dispensing tasks.
  10. Professional communication — actively listen to and clearly respond to patient inquiries and healthcare team questions using precise pharmaceutical terminology in a supervised clinical environment.
Developing
Mid-level / Established
  1. Prescription suitability — independently evaluate prescriptions for therapeutic appropriateness, contraindications, and dose accuracy across a broad range of drug classes in a community or hospital pharmacy.
  2. Drug quality assessment — apply analytical and scientific judgment to assess the identity, potency, and purity of compounded and commercially prepared medications with minimal oversight.
  3. Patient counseling — deliver comprehensive, evidence-based advice on drug interactions, side effects, dosage optimization, and storage to diverse patient populations in outpatient and inpatient settings.
  4. Prescribing trend analysis — use pharmacy data systems and spreadsheet software to monitor dispensing patterns, identify compliance gaps, and flag potentially harmful drug use across a patient caseload.
  5. Controlled substance compliance — maintain accurate and auditable control records, narcotic registries, and inventory logs for scheduled substances in accordance with federal and state regulations.
  6. Interdisciplinary collaboration — participate in medication therapy reviews and care planning discussions with physicians, nurses, and other clinicians to optimize drug regimens for individual patients.
  7. Compounding procedures — implement and maintain mixing, packaging, and quality control procedures for sterile and non-sterile preparations in accordance with USP standards and pharmacy policy.
  8. Inventory management — manage routine purchasing cycles, evaluate supplier options, and ensure proper storage and handling of pharmaceutical inventory within budget parameters.
  9. Time management — prioritize and execute multiple concurrent dispensing and clinical tasks efficiently during high-volume shifts in a fast-paced retail or institutional pharmacy.
  10. Database systems — query and interpret pharmacy information systems and clinical databases to support formulary decisions and patient safety monitoring.
Proficient
Senior / Expert IC
  1. Complex prescription review — autonomously evaluate high-risk, multi-drug prescriptions for therapeutic conflicts, off-label considerations, and patient-specific pharmacokinetic factors in acute or specialty care environments.
  2. Advanced drug analysis — apply expert-level pharmaceutical science to assess the stability, bioavailability, and clinical adequacy of both manufactured and compounded medications across diverse patient populations.
  3. Specialized medication counseling — lead nuanced patient education on complex regimens including oncology, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressive therapies, adapting communication style to health literacy levels.
  4. Population-level safety monitoring — independently analyze prescribing and dispensing trend data across large patient cohorts to detect drug misuse, interaction risks, and adherence failures using medical and analytics software.
  5. Regulatory record integrity — oversee the accuracy and completeness of all pharmacy documentation systems, including radioactive nuclei logs, poison registries, and DEA-required controlled substance records.
  6. Clinical pharmacy leadership — lead collaborative medication management reviews with multidisciplinary care teams, providing authoritative guidance on pharmacotherapy optimization and evidence-based drug selection.
  7. Pharmaceutical operations management — design, implement, and audit compounding, packaging, and labeling workflows to ensure ongoing compliance with legal standards and institutional quality assurance benchmarks.
  8. Supply chain stewardship — strategically manage pharmaceutical procurement, contract negotiations, formulary decisions, and shortage mitigation to sustain continuous medication availability.
  9. Critical problem solving — resolve novel or ambiguous clinical and operational pharmacy challenges by integrating scientific evidence, regulatory knowledge, and patient-specific data without supervisory input.
  10. Technology integration — optimize the use of electronic health records, dispensing automation, and clinical decision support tools to enhance patient safety and pharmacy workflow efficiency.
Advanced
Lead / Principal / Executive
  1. Pharmacy practice standards — establish and enforce system-wide prescription review protocols and therapeutic safety policies that define best practices across multiple facilities or service lines.
  2. Drug quality governance — lead organizational quality assurance programs for pharmaceutical assessment, compounding validation, and regulatory compliance, setting standards aligned with state and federal requirements.
  3. Patient safety culture — design and champion institution-wide medication counseling frameworks and health literacy initiatives that measurably improve patient outcomes across diverse populations.
  4. Pharmacovigilance strategy — direct enterprise-level analysis of prescribing trends, adverse event data, and drug utilization patterns to inform formulary policy and prevent system-wide medication harm.
  5. Compliance and risk leadership — maintain executive accountability for all controlled substance, narcotic, and hazardous drug record systems, leading audit readiness and regulatory response across the organization.
  6. Interprofessional system design — lead strategic collaboration with medical, nursing, and administrative leadership to develop integrated medication management programs that optimize therapeutic outcomes at scale.
  7. Operational policy development — author and enforce organizational policies for pharmaceutical compounding, labeling, disposal, and packaging that meet evolving regulatory mandates and patient safety imperatives.
  8. Workforce and resource leadership — direct pharmacy personnel planning, professional development, and performance management to build high-functioning teams across large or multi-site pharmacy operations.
  9. Pharmacy education and mentorship — design and deliver advanced training curricula, residency programs, and continuing education for pharmacists, students, and allied health professionals within an academic or health system setting.
  10. Strategic formulary governance — lead formulary committee decision-making, pharmaceutical budget stewardship, and supply chain risk management at the health system or payer level to ensure cost-effective, evidence-based care.

AI-at-Work Competency Framework

Sources:Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab.Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab.WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab.
Subscriber feature

Authoritative source data identified for 998 occupations

How a worker at each mastery level uses, directs, and evaluates AI tools in this occupation. Each statement cites its evidence inline; click a citation chip to verify the source.

Emerging
  1. AI-assisted prescription review — uses an AI tool to flag potential drug interactions and dosage anomalies on straightforward prescriptions, while confirming every clinical judgment independently Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
  2. Basic medication information retrieval — queries an AI assistant for side-effect profiles and storage requirements, then cross-checks outputs against authoritative drug references before advising patients WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
Developing
  1. Drug interaction screening delegation — hands off multi-medication patient profiles to an AI system to surface potential interaction alerts, then applies clinical reasoning to prioritize and act on the results Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
  2. Prescribing-trend analysis support — directs an AI tool to aggregate and visualize prescription data across a patient population, using the output to identify compliance gaps and excessive-use patterns Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  3. Patient counseling preparation — prompts an AI assistant to draft plain-language summaries of complex medication regimens, then edits and personalizes the content before delivering guidance to patients WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
Proficient
  1. Automated record-maintenance oversight — configures AI-assisted workflows to update patient profiles, controlled-substance registries, and charge files, auditing outputs for accuracy and regulatory compliance Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
  2. Clinical decision augmentation — integrates AI-generated drug-utilization reports into daily dispensing reviews, retaining sole authority over therapeutic substitutions and clinical escalations Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  3. Formulary and inventory optimization — directs AI tools to model usage forecasts and flag low-stock or expiring medications, then applies professional judgment to finalize ordering decisions Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
  4. Adverse-event signal detection — tasks an AI system with monitoring patient records for early signals of harmful drug interactions, evaluating flagged cases against clinical context before intervening Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
Advanced
  1. AI workflow governance — designs and validates the prompting protocols and quality-control checkpoints that govern how AI tools are used across the pharmacy, ensuring outputs meet clinical and legal standards Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab. WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  2. Complex polypharmacy evaluation — orchestrates an AI-assisted multi-step review of high-risk patient profiles involving numerous concurrent medications, synthesizing algorithmic outputs with pharmacokinetic expertise to produce a definitive therapeutic recommendation Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab. Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab..
  3. Interprofessional AI communication — translates AI-generated drug-utilization analyses into precise clinical language for physicians and care teams, bridging automated insights and human decision-making across the care continuum WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab..
  4. Regulatory and safety accountability — maintains ultimate professional accountability for all AI-assisted dispensing and counseling decisions, establishing audit trails and escalation pathways that satisfy accreditation and controlled-substance compliance requirements Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab..
Evidence pack
AEI usage
Task observations: 2742
Augment share: 95%
Time saved: 87.9%
AI autonomy: 3.20
SAFI positioning
Top skill: Reading Comprehension
Score: 45.5 / 100
Quadrant: Q2_ai_augmented
precision: exact
WEF cluster
Human-Technology Interaction
human_technology_interaction
Sources:Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic Economic Index — release_2026_03_24. Opens in new tab.Jadhav & Danve, 2026Skill Automation Feasibility Index — Jadhav & Danve, 2026 (arXiv:2604.06906). Opens in new tab.WEF Skills TaxonomyWEF Skills Taxonomy 2021 — Building a Common Language for Skills at Work. Opens in new tab.

Pathsmith Durable Skills Framework

Sources:Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Subscriber feature

Ten durable-skill domains mapped to four proficiency/role levels for each occupation. Each statement is aligned to the Pathsmith taxonomy, derived from trusted grounding data and mapped to occupation-specific O*NET tasks and skills.

1Communication16 statements
Emerging
  1. Prescription verification dialogue — reads and repeats back prescription details to prescribers to confirm accuracy before dispensing Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Patient counseling basics — explains medication name, dose, and frequency to patients using plain language during initial dispensing encounters Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Drug information relay — conveys side effect profiles and storage requirements to patients drawing from package inserts and standard references O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Written documentation entry — records basic patient profile data and prescription details into pharmacy management systems with minimal errors O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Drug interaction counseling — explains potential drug-drug and drug-food interactions to patients in accessible, non-clinical language tailored to health literacy level Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Interprofessional messaging — communicates prescription concerns or clarification requests to physicians and nurses using structured clinical language Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Written clinical notation — documents clinical interventions, therapeutic substitutions, and pharmacist recommendations in patient records with appropriate specificity O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Compliance conversation — engages patients in motivational dialogue to identify adherence barriers and reinforce proper medication use Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Multidisciplinary team briefing — presents drug regimen reviews, formulary recommendations, and therapeutic alternatives during interdisciplinary care conferences with clinical precision Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Complex patient education — delivers structured medication counseling to patients managing multiple chronic conditions, adapting explanations to individual cognitive and cultural context Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Adverse event reporting — authors clear, complete narratives for regulatory adverse drug event reports, MedWatch submissions, and internal incident documentation O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Prescriber consultation — conducts real-time clinical consultations with physicians on dosing optimization, renal or hepatic dose adjustments, and therapeutic equivalence O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Health system communication leadership — designs and implements pharmacy communication protocols that standardize patient counseling scripts and prescriber consultation workflows across a department or network Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Public health messaging — authors evidence-based medication guides, formulary bulletins, and public-facing health communications for diverse patient populations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Clinical education delivery — presents grand rounds, in-service trainings, and continuing education modules on pharmacotherapy topics to multidisciplinary audiences Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Policy advocacy writing — drafts testimony, white papers, or policy briefs on drug safety, formulary access, or pharmacy practice standards for regulatory and legislative audiences O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
2Leadership16 statements
Emerging
  1. Dispensing workflow ownership — takes initiative to identify and flag prescription errors or inventory discrepancies without waiting for supervisory direction Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Team task contribution — volunteers for pharmacy technician oversight responsibilities and assists in training new staff on dispensing procedures Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Patient advocacy initiation — proactively contacts prescribers to recommend therapeutic alternatives when prescribed medications are unavailable or contraindicated O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Regulatory compliance ownership — takes personal accountability for ensuring own dispensing activities meet state board and DEA requirements Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Technician supervision — directs pharmacy technicians in daily workflow, verifies their work product, and provides corrective guidance on compounding or dispensing errors Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Formulary stewardship — leads formulary exception reviews and communicates evidence-based recommendations to pharmacy and therapeutics committees O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Process improvement initiation — identifies inefficiencies in prescription intake or medication reconciliation workflows and proposes structured solutions to pharmacy leadership Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Controlled substance oversight — assumes accountability for monitoring controlled substance dispensing logs and leads internal audits to ensure regulatory compliance O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Pharmacy operations management — leads daily pharmacy operations including staff scheduling, workflow optimization, and performance monitoring across dispensing and clinical functions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Quality improvement leadership — chairs or leads medication safety initiatives, root cause analyses following adverse drug events, and PDSA cycle implementations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Clinical program development — designs and implements pharmacist-led disease management programs in areas such as anticoagulation, diabetes, or hypertension O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Interdisciplinary team leadership — leads medication reconciliation rounds and therapeutic monitoring reviews as the primary pharmacy voice in patient care teams Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Pharmacy department direction — provides strategic leadership for pharmacy department operations, staffing models, budget planning, and clinical program portfolios at an organizational level Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Mentorship and succession development — mentors pharmacy residents, student pharmacists, and early-career staff through structured preceptorship, goal-setting, and reflective feedback cycles Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Health system pharmacy policy — leads the development and adoption of institutional medication use policies, clinical practice guidelines, and drug utilization management protocols O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Professional organization leadership — represents pharmacy practice interests on state or national professional boards, committee chairs, or policy task forces Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
3Metacognition16 statements
Emerging
  1. Knowledge gap identification — recognizes when a drug information question exceeds current expertise and seeks validated references such as Lexicomp, Micromedex, or primary literature before responding Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Learning strategy awareness — selects targeted continuing education modules aligned with identified gaps in therapeutic knowledge areas such as oncology or pediatric dosing Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Error reflection — reviews own dispensing decisions after near-miss events to identify the reasoning failure that allowed the error to approach the patient Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Prescription complexity calibration — self-assesses confidence level when interpreting ambiguous or complex prescriptions and adjusts verification behavior accordingly Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Clinical reasoning monitoring — pauses and re-evaluates drug therapy recommendations when new patient lab values or diagnoses alter the appropriateness of prior assessments Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Study habit optimization — tracks retention of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles and adjusts review strategies based on performance in recertification assessments Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Bias recognition in dispensing — identifies when cognitive shortcuts or time pressure are influencing prescription review thoroughness and applies structured verification checklists to compensate Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Continuing competency planning — develops a structured annual learning plan that maps BCPS or NAPLEX recertification credit requirements to identified practice-relevant gaps Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Therapeutic decision auditing — reviews own clinical interventions over time to identify patterns in recommendation accuracy, patient outcomes, and areas requiring updated evidence Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Compounding judgment calibration — evaluates own sterile and non-sterile compounding decisions against USP Chapter 795 and 797 standards and adjusts technique when deviations are identified Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Role clarity in complex cases — distinguishes when a patient medication question requires pharmacist-level clinical judgment versus a referral to a physician or specialist, and articulates that boundary clearly Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Feedback integration — systematically incorporates prescriber, patient, and peer feedback into modifications of counseling technique, documentation practice, and clinical recommendations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Metacognitive modeling for learners — explicitly demonstrates and narrates own clinical reasoning process to pharmacy students and residents, surfacing assumptions and uncertainty in real time Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Practice evolution self-direction — proactively identifies emerging pharmacotherapy evidence or regulatory changes and restructures own practice protocols before institutional mandates require it Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Cognitive load management in high-volume settings — develops and shares personal workflow strategies that maintain clinical decision quality during peak dispensing volume or staffing constraints Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Scholarly self-assessment — engages in peer-reviewed portfolio review, structured reflective writing, or practice-based research to evaluate and publish insights on own clinical decision-making patterns Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
4Critical Thinking16 statements
Emerging
  1. Prescription validity assessment — evaluates prescriptions for completeness, appropriate indication, and potential prescribing errors before dispensing Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Drug identity verification — applies physical and chemical assessment methods to confirm the identity, strength, and purity of received pharmaceutical products O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Basic interaction screening — uses drug interaction databases to identify flagged interactions and applies standard severity classifications to determine dispensing response O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Formulary alternatives reasoning — identifies therapeutically equivalent alternatives when prescribed drugs are unavailable and evaluates similarity of mechanism and clinical indication O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Polypharmacy risk analysis — analyzes full medication profiles of patients on five or more medications to identify cumulative interaction, duplication, or contraindication risks Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Dosing appropriateness evaluation — evaluates renal function, hepatic status, weight, and age to determine whether prescribed doses are within safe and therapeutic ranges O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Prescribing trend analysis — examines longitudinal prescribing data across a patient panel or provider group to detect compliance deviations, overuse patterns, or potential diversion Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Evidence appraisal for counseling — critically reads primary literature and clinical guidelines to determine the strength of evidence supporting medication recommendations given to patients Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Pharmacokinetic modeling judgment — applies population pharmacokinetic principles and patient-specific parameters to individualize dosing regimens for narrow therapeutic index drugs such as vancomycin or warfarin O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Drug utilization review adjudication — evaluates prior authorization requests and drug utilization exceptions by weighing clinical evidence, formulary policy, and individual patient factors Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Adverse drug event causality analysis — conducts structured Naranjo or WHO causality assessments to determine likelihood that a patient symptom is drug-induced versus disease-related Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Compounding suitability determination — evaluates physician requests for compounded preparations against FDA and state board criteria for medical necessity, stability, and sterility requirements O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Clinical guideline synthesis — synthesizes evidence from multiple therapeutic guidelines, meta-analyses, and institutional data to develop site-specific treatment algorithms for high-use drug classes Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Medication safety systems analysis — applies failure mode and effects analysis to identify systemic prescription, dispensing, or administration vulnerabilities across an entire care setting Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Health economics evaluation — critically appraises pharmacoeconomic models, cost-effectiveness analyses, and budget impact studies to support formulary inclusion or exclusion decisions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Regulatory reasoning — evaluates complex DEA, FDA, and state board regulatory frameworks to guide institutional policy when legal requirements are ambiguous or in conflict Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
5Collaboration16 statements
Emerging
  1. Technician coordination — coordinates daily task allocation with pharmacy technicians to maintain dispensing throughput while ensuring verification standards are met Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Prescriber check-in — initiates contact with prescribing physicians to clarify handwritten, ambiguous, or potentially erroneous prescriptions before dispensing O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Shared patient record contribution — enters pharmacist notes and medication reconciliation data into shared electronic health record systems accessible to the broader care team O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Insurance resolution partnership — collaborates with billing staff and insurance representatives to resolve prior authorization or coverage disputes on behalf of patients O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Care team integration — participates actively in interdisciplinary rounds, contributing medication-related expertise to patient care planning discussions alongside physicians, nurses, and social workers Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Medication reconciliation partnership — collaborates with nursing and hospitalist teams to reconcile home medication lists against inpatient orders at admission and discharge transitions O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Community health collaboration — partners with public health departments or community organizations to support vaccination campaigns, medication disposal programs, or chronic disease screenings Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Specialty pharmacy coordination — works with specialty pharmacists, oncology teams, and rare disease coordinators to manage complex biologic and specialty medication access and monitoring O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Antimicrobial stewardship teamwork — collaborates with infectious disease physicians, microbiologists, and infection control nurses to optimize antibiotic selection, dose, and duration across a patient unit Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Pharmacy and therapeutics committee participation — contributes clinical evidence reviews and utilization data analyses as an active member of formulary governance committees O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Patient care transition coordination — collaborates with discharge planners, home health nurses, and primary care providers to ensure medication safety during care transitions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Research collaboration — partners with physician investigators and institutional review board teams to manage drug dispensing, randomization, and adverse event reporting for clinical trials O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Health system clinical integration leadership — leads the structural integration of pharmacy services into medical home, accountable care, or value-based care models through collaborative design with clinical and administrative stakeholders Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Interprofessional education co-design — co-develops and co-delivers interprofessional training curricula with nursing, medical, and allied health faculty to build collaborative medication safety competencies Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Regional network pharmacy collaboration — leads pharmacy network initiatives across health systems or payer networks to standardize collaborative drug therapy management agreements and outcomes measurement Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. External stakeholder partnership — builds and sustains partnerships with pharmaceutical manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and professional associations to advance drug access, safety, or policy goals O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
6Character16 statements
Emerging
  1. Dispensing integrity — refuses to dispense prescriptions that appear fraudulent, forged, or clinically inappropriate regardless of patient pressure or workflow urgency Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Confidentiality adherence — maintains strict HIPAA-compliant handling of patient prescription records, profiles, and health information in all communication channels Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Error acknowledgment — reports own dispensing errors or near-misses to supervisors through established incident reporting systems without minimization or concealment Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Professional boundary maintenance — declines to offer clinical advice outside the pharmacist's scope of practice and directs patients appropriately to other providers Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Controlled substance accountability — maintains meticulous controlled substance dispensing logs, inventory reconciliations, and suspicious order reports as required by DEA regulations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Equitable patient service — provides consistent, high-quality counseling and service to all patients regardless of insurance status, language, race, or medication type Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Conflict of interest transparency — discloses and manages potential conflicts related to pharmaceutical manufacturer relationships, formulary decisions, or prescribing incentives Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Professional conduct modeling — demonstrates punctuality, preparedness, and respectful communication in all team interactions, setting a visible standard for pharmacy staff Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Ethical dilemma navigation — applies ethical frameworks to resolve conflicts between patient autonomy, prescriber authority, and pharmacist professional judgment in disputed dispensing scenarios Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Whistleblower courage — reports suspected drug diversion, prescriber fraud, or regulatory violations through appropriate internal and external channels despite organizational pressure Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Cultural humility in practice — adapts counseling and service delivery to honor patient cultural values and health beliefs while maintaining evidence-based medication safety standards Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Accountability in quality outcomes — accepts ownership of medication error events involving own practice, participates fully in root cause analysis, and implements personal corrective actions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Ethics leadership — leads pharmacy ethics committee deliberations, authors institutional ethical guidelines for medication access decisions, and mentors staff through morally complex cases Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Professional standards advocacy — advocates publicly or within professional organizations for ethical pharmacy practice standards, equitable drug access, and patient safety protections Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Integrity culture development — builds departmental norms of transparency, psychological safety for error reporting, and ethical decision-making through sustained leadership modeling Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Regulatory ethics stewardship — leads institutional responses to drug diversion investigations, regulatory audits, or Board of Pharmacy inspections with full transparency and procedural integrity Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
7Creativity16 statements
Emerging
  1. Therapeutic workaround identification — generates alternative dosing forms or administration routes when a patient cannot swallow standard oral medications due to physical or cognitive barriers Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Patient education material adaptation — modifies existing counseling materials with visual aids, simplified language, or translated content to better serve specific patient populations Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Inventory problem-solving — proposes creative short-term procurement solutions during drug shortages by identifying therapeutic substitutes within available formulary resources Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Compounding adaptation — develops non-standard preparation approaches for pediatric or veterinary patients requiring concentrations or vehicles not commercially available O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Clinical protocol innovation — proposes novel pharmacist-managed protocol elements for anticoagulation, diabetes, or hypertension management that extend beyond standard collaborative practice agreement templates Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Adherence intervention design — designs patient-specific packaging, reminder systems, or blister pack configurations that address identified adherence barriers creatively Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Pharmacy workflow redesign — generates and pilots creative workflow reorganizations that reduce dispensing error rates or improve prescription turnaround time Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Drug shortage contingency planning — develops creative formulary-wide conservation strategies and alternative regimens during sustained multi-drug shortage periods O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Clinical pharmacy program creation — conceives and builds novel pharmacist-led clinical programs in areas such as travel medicine, pharmacogenomics counseling, or medication therapy management Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Technology integration innovation — designs or adapts pharmacy informatics tools, clinical decision support alerts, or automated dispensing configurations to improve medication safety outcomes Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Patient engagement campaign design — creates community pharmacy-based health promotion campaigns that use novel formats to increase medication adherence, vaccination uptake, or chronic disease screening Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Research question generation — identifies gaps in therapeutic evidence from clinical practice observations and formulates original research questions suitable for pharmacist-led outcomes studies Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Practice model innovation — architects new pharmacy care delivery models, such as embedded clinical pharmacist roles or telepharmacy services, that expand patient access and pharmacist scope Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Curriculum innovation — designs experiential learning models, simulation-based pharmacotherapy labs, or flipped-classroom curricula for pharmacy education programs Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Drug policy creative advocacy — develops novel policy proposals or legislative frameworks addressing drug pricing transparency, pharmacist provider status, or formulary equity that gain institutional or legislative traction Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Precision medicine program design — pioneers pharmacogenomics-guided prescribing consultation programs that translate genetic testing results into actionable medication recommendations at the system level O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
8Growth Mindset16 statements
Emerging
  1. Pharmacotherapy knowledge updating — seeks out updated clinical guidelines and drug approval announcements to maintain current therapeutic knowledge beyond pharmacy school training Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Error-based learning — treats own dispensing near-misses as learning opportunities, analyzing root causes and adjusting personal verification habits accordingly Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Feedback receptivity — accepts prescriber or supervisor feedback on clinical recommendations or counseling technique without defensiveness and applies changes in subsequent interactions Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Certification goal setting — sets concrete timelines for pursuing board certification in a specialty area such as pharmacotherapy, ambulatory care, or oncology Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Continuing education pursuit — completes CE requirements in advance of licensure deadlines, selecting topics that challenge known knowledge gaps rather than reinforcing existing strengths Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Clinical challenge embrace — volunteers to manage therapeutically complex patients or unfamiliar drug classes rather than deferring to colleagues, using the experience as structured growth Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Regulatory change adaptation — proactively learns and implements new DEA, state board, or USP chapter requirements when they alter existing practice without viewing change as disruptive Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Preceptor feedback integration — solicits specific, actionable feedback from preceptors or senior pharmacists after clinical rotations or new role assignments and documents progress against that feedback Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Emerging therapy mastery — independently learns and integrates newly approved drug classes, biosimilars, or gene therapies into clinical counseling and recommendation repertoire as they enter the market Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Setback resilience in patient outcomes — reframes unsuccessful therapeutic outcomes as diagnostic information, adjusting future clinical recommendations based on what the case revealed Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Interprofessional learning investment — pursues cross-disciplinary education in areas such as motivational interviewing, health coaching, or clinical informatics to expand pharmacist impact Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Leadership development commitment — actively pursues opportunities to lead quality improvement projects, committee work, or staff training even when such roles require acquiring unfamiliar skills Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Growth culture cultivation — builds a departmental culture where pharmacy staff and residents treat errors, complexity, and uncertainty as growth opportunities through modeled behavior and structured debriefs Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  2. Lifelong learning leadership — mentors junior pharmacists in developing personalized professional development plans and connects them with resources, networks, and scholarship opportunities Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Practice transformation adoption — champions adoption of transformative practice changes such as pharmacist prescriptive authority, collaborative drug therapy management, or direct patient care billing within resistant institutional environments Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Scholarly contribution to the field — authors peer-reviewed publications, presents at national conferences, or contributes to clinical guideline panels, advancing collective knowledge in a pharmacy specialty area Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
9Mindfulness16 statements
Emerging
  1. Dispensing attention management — applies focused verification habits during high-volume dispensing periods to prevent attention drift that increases error risk Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Patient presence — maintains full attentional presence during patient counseling interactions, resisting interruption from workflow demands to ensure complete medication information exchange Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Stress recognition — identifies personal physiological or cognitive signs of work-related stress during busy shifts and applies brief regulatory strategies before resuming patient-facing tasks Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Emotional neutrality in difficult interactions — maintains calm, regulated affect when patients express frustration, confusion, or anger about prescription costs, wait times, or drug shortages Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Verification ritual consistency — applies a consistent, structured mental checklist during every prescription review regardless of familiarity with the prescriber or patient to prevent complacency errors Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Intentional communication pacing — deliberately slows verbal delivery during complex patient medication counseling to ensure comprehension and allow patient questions to surface Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Workload awareness — monitors own cognitive load during simultaneous clinical tasks and proactively redistributes workflow or requests support before error risk elevates Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Interpersonal attunement — reads patient emotional state and health literacy cues during counseling and adjusts approach in real time to meet the patient's present capacity for information Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. High-stakes decision intentionality — pauses for structured deliberation before finalizing clinical recommendations on complex polypharmacy, narrow therapeutic index drugs, or chemotherapy regimens Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Conflict de-escalation — applies mindful emotional regulation to navigate tense interactions with frustrated patients, demanding prescribers, or resistant team members without reactive escalation Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Sustained focus maintenance — maintains clinical accuracy and verification thoroughness across extended shifts or overnight on-call periods by applying deliberate attention renewal strategies Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Environmental awareness — monitors pharmacy physical environment including lighting, noise, interruption frequency, and layout for factors that increase dispensing error risk and advocates for corrective changes Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Team mindfulness culture — implements structured communication tools such as read-back verification, sterile field silence protocols, or shift-change pause practices that embed mindful attention into team workflow Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Burnout prevention leadership — recognizes early burnout or compassion fatigue signals in pharmacy staff and intervenes with supportive resources, workload adjustments, or structured peer support Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Organizational awareness integration — maintains broad situational awareness of institutional pressures, staffing trends, and regulatory changes that affect pharmacy performance and incorporates this awareness into strategic planning Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Mindful preceptorship — models intentional, present-moment clinical engagement for pharmacy students and residents and explicitly teaches attention management as a patient safety competency Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
10Fortitude16 statements
Emerging
  1. Error disclosure courage — discloses dispensing errors to supervisors and affected patients promptly and honestly despite discomfort or fear of consequences Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Difficult counseling persistence — continues patient medication education conversations through patient resistance, health illiteracy barriers, or emotional distress without abandoning the counseling encounter Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Drug shortage navigation — maintains professional composure and problem-solving orientation when recurring drug shortages disrupt standard dispensing workflow Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Regulatory pressure endurance — completes required controlled substance documentation, audit preparation, and compliance reporting accurately under time and volume pressure Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Developing
  1. Sustained workload management — maintains dispensing accuracy and clinical thoroughness during sustained high-volume periods, overnight shifts, or understaffed conditions without shortcutting verification steps Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Prescriber pushback navigation — maintains evidence-based clinical recommendations when challenged by prescribers who resist therapeutic substitution or dosing adjustment advice Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  3. Public health emergency response — continues to provide essential pharmacy services during declared public health emergencies, natural disasters, or pandemic conditions despite personal risk and resource scarcity Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Ethical boundary defense — sustains refusal to dispense fraudulent or clinically dangerous prescriptions despite patient hostility, management pressure, or threats of complaint Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Applying
  1. Adverse outcome resilience — processes difficult patient outcomes involving medication errors or adverse drug reactions, completes all required reporting and remediation steps, and returns to full clinical engagement without avoidance Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Complex case persistence — sustains engagement with therapeutically intractable patient cases involving multiple comorbidities, treatment-resistant conditions, or limited formulary options rather than deferring resolution Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Organizational change endurance — maintains clinical quality and professional standards through extended periods of system transitions, electronic health record implementations, or institutional restructuring Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  4. Regulatory investigation steadiness — navigates Board of Pharmacy inspections, DEA audits, or internal compliance investigations with full transparency and procedural composure Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Exceeding
  1. Safety advocacy persistence — sustains advocacy for medication safety improvements, staffing adequacy, or workflow redesign through repeated institutional resistance, setbacks, or slow organizational change cycles Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  2. Crisis leadership endurance — leads pharmacy department operations through extended crisis periods such as drug diversion investigations, mass casualty events, or pandemic surges while maintaining staff morale and clinical standards Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
  3. Professional courage modeling — publicly challenges unsafe prescribing practices, institutional corners-cutting on drug safety, or discriminatory pharmacy access policies, accepting professional risk to protect patient welfare Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab. O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
  4. Long-horizon perseverance — sustains multi-year commitment to clinical program development, research initiatives, or policy reform efforts through funding setbacks, stakeholder skepticism, and implementation failures Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.
Sources:Pathsmith Durable SkillsPathsmith Durable Skills Framework — America Succeeds + CompTIA. Opens in new tab.O*NET v30.2O*NET Resource Center — Occupational Information Network, v30.2 (Sept 2025). Opens in new tab.
Show O*NET source anchors64 anchors · skillscrosswalk.com

O*NET enrichment · skillscrosswalk.com

Suggest an O*NET correction

Source anchors that ground each statement

Related titles
Apothecary · Clinical Pharmacist · District Pharmacy Supervisor · Druggist · Float Pharmacist · Hospital Pharmacist · Industrial Pharmacist · Informatics Pharmacist · Outpatient Pharmacist · Pharm D (Pharmacy Doctor) · Pharmacist · Pharmacist in Charge (PIC)
RAPIDS apprenticeships
—
O*NET skills
Reading ComprehensionSpeakingActive ListeningCritical ThinkingWritingMonitoringJudgment and Decision MakingActive LearningService OrientationTime ManagementSocial PerceptivenessComplex Problem SolvingScienceInstructingCoordinationManagement of Personnel ResourcesMathematicsLearning StrategiesSystems AnalysisSystems Evaluation
Knowledge domains
Medicine and DentistryMathematicsEnglish LanguageCustomer and Personal ServiceChemistryBiologyPsychologyComputers and ElectronicsEducation and TrainingAdministrative
Abilities
Oral ExpressionWritten ComprehensionOral ComprehensionNear VisionProblem SensitivityInductive ReasoningCategory FlexibilityDeductive ReasoningWritten ExpressionSpeech Recognition
Work styles
Attention to DetailDependabilityIntegrityCautiousnessCooperationIntellectual Curiosity
Technology
Data base user interface and query softwareMedical softwareComputer based training softwareAccounting softwareLabel making softwareSpreadsheet softwareOffice suite softwareElectronic mail softwarePresentation softwareDocument management software
Tasks · seed anchors for statements
  1. Review prescriptions to assure accuracy, to ascertain the needed ingredients, and to evaluate their suitability.
  2. Assess the identity, strength, or purity of medications.
  3. Provide information and advice regarding drug interactions, side effects, dosage, and proper medication storage.
  4. Analyze prescribing trends to monitor patient compliance and to prevent excessive usage or harmful interactions.
  5. Maintain records, such as pharmacy files, patient profiles, charge system files, inventories, control records for radioactive nuclei, or registries of poisons, narcotics, or controlled drugs.
  6. Collaborate with other health care professionals to plan, monitor, review, or evaluate the quality or effectiveness of drugs or drug regimens, providing advice on drug applications or characteristics.
  7. Plan, implement, or maintain procedures for mixing, packaging, or labeling pharmaceuticals, according to policy and legal requirements, to ensure quality, security, and proper disposal.
  8. Order and purchase pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, or drugs, maintaining stock and storing and handling it properly.
CIP education codes
51.200151.200860.080160.080260.080360.080460.080560.080660.080760.080860.080960.081060.081160.081260.081360.081460.081560.081660.081760.081860.081960.082060.082160.082260.082360.082460.082560.082660.082760.082860.082960.083060.083160.083260.0899

Sources: O*NET v30.2 (CC BY 4.0), SkillsCrosswalk.com, LER.me, Anthropic Economic Index, SAFI (Jadhav & Danve, 2026), WEF Skills Taxonomy 2021, Pathsmith Durable Skills Framework. © 2026 EBSCOed.